What Are the Advantages of DC hipot tester？

Ensuring product safety in manufacturing is paramount, with the Hipot Test serving as a cornerstone method to achieve this goal. While the choice between AC or DC Hipot largely depends on product specifications and industry standards, manufacturers may sometimes need to decide on the methods themselves. At these times, they often encounter challenges due to a lack of clarity regarding the advantages of each method. In this issue, we will explain the differences between AC and DC Hipot testing and their respective advantages, helping you choose the proper testing methods.

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Differences Between AC and DC Hipot Testing

When choosing between AC and DC Hipot testing, several key factors need to be taken into consideration. These factors include the acceptance by safety regulatory agencies, the accuracy of leakage current measurement, the amount of output power, the testing settings, and the testing voltage. In the following, we will introduce the advantages and disadvantages of AC Hipot and DC Hipot in these aspects.

In general, AC Hipot is more widely accepted by safety regulatory agencies compared to DC Hipot. This preference stems from the fact that most products operate on AC power. AC Hipot can test both positive and negative polarities simultaneously, thus simulating the actual usage environment. In contrast, DC Hipot can only perform single polarity tests, which must be considered if the product is used with AC voltage.

When applying AC test voltage, the insulation generates a reactive current different from the leakage current, which is often much larger. This makes it difficult to accurately measure the actual leakage current, complicating fault detection. In contrast, with DC Hipot testing, the initial charging current caused by capacitance gradually diminishes over time. This allows for the precise measurement of the true leakage current of the tested products

The output current required during AC Hipot is typically higher compared to DC Hipot. This is because it needs to supply the necessary current for the stray capacitance of the product being tested. Conversely, DC Hipot has lower output power requirements since the charging current is needed for only a short period.

In AC Hipot testing, because it cannot fully charge stray capacitors, instantaneous surge currents are avoided. This eliminates the need for testing voltage ramp-up settings and discharging the tested product afterward. On the other hand, in DC Hipot testing, voltages start from "zero" and ramp up slowly to prevent excessive charging currents that could trigger an erroneous shutdown of the tester. Additionally, since DC Hipot testing charges the product, discharging is necessary after testing completion to prevent potential electrical hazards.

During AC Hipot, the peak voltage is 1.414 times the displayed RMS (Root Mean Square) value on the voltmeter, which is typically not indicated. Therefore, most safety standards require that if DC Hipot is used, the test voltage must be increased to an equivalent value. The formula for DC Hipot test voltage is: DC Hipot Test Voltage = AC Hipot Test Voltage × 1.414. This ensures that the DC test voltage provides the same level of insulation stress as the AC test voltage.

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Advantages of AC and DC Hipot Testing

Let's summarize the advantages of each method in a table:

• AC Hipot testing is more widely accepted by safety regulatory agencies.
• There is no need to set voltage ramp-up or discharge at the beginning and end of the test.

• Leakage current measurement can provide a more accurate reflection of the actual current.
• Testing can be conducted with lower currents.

Choosing the Right Method and Tester for Product Safety

When conducting the Hipot test to ensure product safety, selecting the appropriate testing method—whether AC or DC—and choosing the right tester from Associated Research's comprehensive solutions are critical. Our Hypot® Series offers versatile options, providing up to 5kVac AC hipot and 6kVdc DC hipot choices, covering a wide spectrum of testing requirements. For specialized ultra-voltage testing applications, our HypotMAX® Series delivers exceptional performance, offering up to 20kVac AC hipot and 20kVdc DC hipot options. Our tester features RAMP-HI and discharge safety mechanisms to prevent false failures during DC Hipot testing and ensure operator safety. If you're interested in delving deeper into Hipot testing knowledge, our dedicated application consulting service is an excellent option. Reach out today to explore the perfect solution for your testing requirements.

How DC Hipot Tests Work

A DC over-voltage potential is applied to the windings, and the current to ground is measured with a resolution of 1 pA for the iTIG and 10nA for the Power Pack. This current includes leakage from the windings as well as other currents such as surface currents on the outside of the windings. For more information about the various types of leakage currents, see Insulation Resistance Measurement Methods.

The test voltage used depends on the condition of the DUT, and typically ranges from about 2E to 3.4E+V where E is the RMS operating voltage of the DUT.

The iTIG tester has 3 possible failure modes that will shut off the test:

Can a DC Hipot test be destructive?

DC hipot tests are done at a voltage higher than the operating voltage of the DUT and therefore referred to as over-voltage tests. The tests not destructive if done properly. The main reason the tests are not destructive is that the test voltage is far below the design voltage of the insulation. Furthermore, the energy available is determined by the voltage applied and the capacitance of the system. This capacitance is relatively low. If an arc occurs because of weak insulation, the relatively low energy involved in the arc will not damage the insulation unless the test is done under conditions that are not recommended for over-voltage tests.

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