Road roller Truck|6 different types|advantages and disadvantages

What does Road roller Truck mean?

Road roller Truck (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller) is a compactor-type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations. Similar rollers are used also at landfills or in agriculture. Road roller Truck are frequently referred to as steamrollers, regardless of their method of propulsion.

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Types of Road roller Truck:

• Cylindrical Rollers.
• Grid Rollers.
• Pneumatic Tyred Rollers.
• Sheepsfoot.
• Smooth Wheeled or Static Rollers.
  • Single Drum Rollers.
  • Double Drum Rollers.
• Vibratory Rollers.

1. Cylindrical Road roller Truck

This is a prosaic style of a roller, which is lightweight and may be handled by the blue-collar or by domiciliary creatures. It is usually assembled by iron, concrete, or stone.It generally estimates around 1 m in diameter and 1.5 m long & generated ground pressure is around 7kg/cm2.

2. Grid Rollers

They encompass a network of grid-like steel bars which can even be ballasted with concrete blocks or steel adjuncts. These sorts of rollers are generally towed or pulled behind a tractor at speeds amidst 5 & 24 km/h
The grid design churns out a high contact pressure with bijou kneading venture on compaction job. They are most fitted on well-graded, boorish soils, disintegrated rocks, and for sub-grade and sub-base road constructions.

3. Pneumatic Tyred Rollers

Pneumatic rollers are colossal, ride-on roller with series of rubber tires at the front or at the occiput part. The rubber tyre supplies 80% coverage area & invariable pressure disseminated throughout the breadth of the tires.

They are typically utilized for highways, streets, dams and might aid to shine a project, but additionally are extraordinary for cold-laid bituminous veneers & veneers of loose soil.The pneumatic roller has the ductility to exercise contact pressure ranges from 500 – 700 Kpa or 7k g/cm2. The weight of the roller is 6-10 tonnes which are surged to 25 tonnes by ballasting.

The utmost bulk is acquired by 8 passes & the optimum speed of the roller retains somewhere between 6-24 km/h.

4. Sheepsfoot Road roller Truck

Sheepsfoot rollers are occasionally called padfoot or tamping rollers. They have innumerable rectangular-shaped lugs or “feet.” They’re adept in compacting soil & silty clay during a construction job.

The sheepsfoot drum’s weight might be surged by ballasting (with water, damp sand, or mounting steel sections). The area of each & every portion can range from 30 to 80 cm2. About 10-20 passes are required to provide thorough coverage.

Coverage Area is about 8-12 % because of boots on drums. Contact Pressure ranges from - Kpa. The soupiness of compacting layer is about 5 cm extra the length of every foot.

The factors that govern the quantity of compaction of soil are given subsequently:-

• The aggregate weight of the roller.
• Area of every lug.
• No of feet or lugs in touch with the ground.
• Total no of lugs per drum.
• Paramount pressure exercised on the soil when a foot is vertical.
• The density of the blended soil should be about 1.48 kg/cm3.
• Pressure on the feet maybe 4 to 7 kg/cm2 for light rollers and up to 25-70 kg/cm2 for brobdingnagian rollers.

5. Smooth Wheeled or Static Rollers

There are 2 kinds of smooth wheeled rollers: single & double drum roller. They are again noted as static rollers. Smooth wheel roller and vibratory rollers are basically alike. Both have identical features. There’s just one point of distinction, i.e., vibratory equipment. Smooth wheel roller has no vibrator attached and is best suited to rolling of fragile aggregates and in compacting asphalt pavements.

5.1. Double Drum or Tandem Roller

The tandem, or double drum roller, has one steel drum at the front and another at the rear. As soon as the two drums move, the Road roller Truck moves. These Road roller Truck are adept in compacting silty or sandy or flat soil with gradual surfaces like asphalt but are not nominated for any distinctive job.

According to the number of wheels on the rear, it is of subsequent two types:

Tandem rollers (having one wheel at the rear and one wheel in front)
Three-wheeled rollers (having two wheels at the rear and one in front)

Traveling across Quang Binh to stunning cinematic locations .The weight of the tandem roller varies from 2 to 8 tonnes, and the two-wheeled roller ranges from 8 to 10 tonnes.

5.2. Single Drum or Three-wheeled Roller

They possess a steel drum at the front & 2 special wheels at the rear. Single drum rollers can toil at tighter spaces due to their bijou size. They are adept at creating foundations for buildings and paving highways or sidewalks.

The ground coverage is 100%. The pondage of the roller is surged by filling the within space of the drum with water or wet sand. This process is named ballasting. The ground pressure exercised by tandem rollers is about 10 to 17 kg/cm2.

The optimum working speed has been found to be 3 to 6 km/h, and about eight passes are ample for compacting 20 cm layer. Smooth wheel rollers are most fitted for blending stone soling, gravel, sand, hardcore, ballast & surface dressings. The paramount grade a road roller can climb is 1 in 5.

6. Vibratory Rollers

Vibratory rollers are nearly indistinguishable from smoothing wheel rollers aside from one major distinction: i.e., the vibrating component. Since soil, asphalt, and concrete have natural bare spaces, they will cause a vandalization to the structure of the building.

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Employing a vibratory roller retains the building’s structural integrity. This style of the roller is usually fitted with 1 or 2 smooth surfaced steel wheels 0.9 m to 1.5 m in diameter and 1.2 m to 1.8 m wide.

Self-propelled vibratory rollers are now obtainable pounding from 4 to 6 tonnes. Vibrations are generally generated by the swiveling of an eccentric crankshaft present within it.

Vibratory rollers are utilized for compacting granular base courses. It’s frequently utilized for asphaltic concrete jobs. They have higher outputs and improved performance juxtaposed to other rollers but also generally come at a lofty cost.

Compactor type engineering vehicle "Roller-compactor" redirects here. For other types of rolling compactors, see Compactor.

A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller[1]) is a compactor-type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations.[1] Similar rollers are used also at landfills or in agriculture.

Road rollers are frequently referred to as steamrollers, regardless of their method of propulsion.[2]

History

[edit] Main article: Steamroller

The first road rollers were horse-drawn, and were probably borrowed farm implements (see Roller).

Since the effectiveness of a roller depends to a large extent on its weight,[3] self-powered vehicles replaced horse-drawn rollers from the mid-19th century. The first such vehicles were steam rollers. Single-cylinder steam rollers were generally used for base compaction and run with high engine revs with low gearing to promote bounce and vibration from the crankshaft through to the rolls in much the same way as a vibrating roller. The double cylinder or compound steam rollers became popular from around onwards and were used mainly for the rolling of hot-laid surfaces due to their smoother running engines, but both cylinder types are capable of rolling the finished surface. Steam rollers were often dedicated to a task by their gearing as the slower engines were for base compaction whereas the higher geared models were often referred to as "chip chasers" which followed the hot tar and chip laying machines. Some road companies in the US used steamrollers through the s. In the UK some remained in service until the early s.

As internal combustion engines improved during the 20th century, kerosene-, gasoline- (petrol), and diesel-powered rollers gradually replaced their steam-powered counterparts. The first internal-combustion powered road rollers were similar to the steam rollers they replaced. They used similar mechanisms to transmit power from the engine to the wheels, typically large, exposed spur gears. Some users disliked them in their infancy, as the engines of the era were typically difficult to start, particularly the kerosene-powered ones.

Virtually all road rollers in use today use diesel power.

Uses on a road

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Road rollers use the weight of the vehicle to compress the surface being rolled (static) or use mechanical advantage (vibrating). Initial compaction of the substrate on a road project is done using a padfoot or "sheep's foot" drum roller, which achieves higher compaction density due to the pads having less surface area. On large freeways, a four-wheel compactor with padfoot drum and a blade, such as a Caterpillar 815/825 series machine, would be used due to its high weight, speed, and the powerful pushing force to spread bulk material. On regional roads, a smaller single padfoot drum machine may be used.

The next machine is usually a single smooth drum compactor that compacts the high spots down until the soil is smooth. This is usually done in combination with a motor grader to obtain a level surface. Sometimes at this stage a pneumatic tyre roller is used. These rollers feature two rows (front and back) of pneumatic tyres that overlap, and the flexibility of the tyres provides a kneading action that seals the surface and with some vertical movement of the wheels, enables the roller to operate effectively on uneven ground. Once the soil base is flat the pad drum compactor is no longer used on the road surface.[citation needed]

The next course (road base) is compacted using a smooth single drum, smooth tandem roller, or pneumatic tyre roller in combination with a grader and a water truck to achieve the desired flat surface with the correct moisture content for optimum compaction. Once the road base is compacted, the smooth single drum compactor is no longer used on the road surface (there is an exception if the single drum has special flat-wide-base tyres on the machine).

The final wear course of asphalt concrete (known as asphalt or blacktop in North America, or macadam in England[citation needed]) is laid using a paver and compacted using a tandem smooth drum roller, a three-point roller or a pneumatic tyre roller. Three point rollers on asphalt were once common and are still used, but tandem vibrating rollers are the usual choice now. The pneumatic tyre roller's kneading action is the final roller to seal the surface.

Rollers are also used in landfill compaction. Such compactors typically have padfoot drums, and do not achieve a smooth surface. The pads aid in compression, due to the smaller area contacting the ground.

Configurations

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The roller can be a simple drum with a handle that is operated by one person and weighs 45 kilograms (100 lb) or as large as a ride-on road roller weighing 20 tonnes (20 long tons; 22 short tons) and costing more than US$150,000. A landfill unit may weigh 54 tonnes (53 long tons; 60 short tons).

Roller types

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Pedestrian-operated

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• Rammer (bounce up and down)
• Walk-behind plate compactor/light
• Trench roller (manual unit or radio-frequency remote control)
• Walk-behind roller/light (single drum)
• Walk-behind roller/heavy (double drum)

Ride-on smooth finish

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• Tandem drum (static)
• Tandem drum (vibrating)
• Single drum roller (smooth)
• Pneumatic-tyred Roller, called rubber tyre or multi-wheel
• Combination roller (single row of tyres and a steel drum)
• Three point roller (steam rollers are usually three-point)

Ride-on soil/landfill compactor with pads/feet/spikes

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• Single drum roller (soil)
• 4-wheel (soil/landfill)
• 3-point (soil/landfill)
• Tandem drum (soil/landfill)

Other

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• Tractor-mounted and tractor-powered (conversion – see gallery picture below)
• Drawn rollers or towed rollers (once common, now rare)
• Impact compactor (uses a square or polygon drum to strike the ground hard for proof rolling or deep lift compacting)
• Drum roller with rubber coated drum for asphalt compaction
• Log skidder converted to compactor for landfill
• Wheel loader converted to compactor for landfill

Drum types

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Drums are available in widths ranging from 610 to 2,130 millimetres (24 to 84 in).

Tyre roller types

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Tyre rollers are available in widths ranging up to 2.7 metres (8.9 ft), with between 7 and 11 wheels (e.g. 3 wheels at front, 4 at back): 7 and 8 wheel types are normally used in Europe and Africa; 9 and 11 in America; and any type in Asia. Very heavy tyre rollers are used to compact soil.

Variations and features

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• On some machines, the drums may be filled with water on site to achieve the desired weight. When empty, the lighter machine is easier and cheaper to transport between work sites. On pneumatic tyre rollers the body may be ballasted with water or sand, or for extra compaction wet sand is used. Modern tyre rollers may be filled with steel ballast, which gives a more even balance for better compaction.
• Additional compaction may be achieved by vibrating the roller drums, allowing a small, light machine to perform as well as a much heavier one. Vibration is typically produced by a free-spinning hydrostatic motor inside the drum to whose shaft an eccentric weight has been attached. Some rollers have a second weight that can be rotated relative to the main weight, to adjust the vibration amplitude and thus the compacting force.
• Water lubrication may be provided to the drum surface from on-board "sprinkler tanks" to prevent hot asphalt sticking to the drum.
• Hydraulic transmissions permit greater design flexibility. While early examples used direct mechanical drives, hydraulics reduce the number of moving parts exposed to contamination and allows the drum to be driven, providing extra traction on inclines.
• Human-propelled rollers may only have a single roller drum.
• Self-propelled rollers may have two drums, mounted one in front of the other (format known as "duplex"), or three rolls, or just one, with the back rollers replaced with treaded pneumatic tyres for increased traction.

Gallery

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• Powered, vibrating walk-behind
• Ride-on with articulating-swivel (small machine)
• Ride-on with articulating-swivel (large machine)
• Ride-on with articulating-swivel, Bomag BW 219 DH WR
• Vibrating Dynapac CC232
• A Caterpillar CS-533E vibratory roller.
• Pneumatic roller
• A road-roller powered by a tractor mounted on it

Manufacturers

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• ABG (Germany) — SD/TD (purchased by Ingersoll Rand and now part of Volvo CE)
• Albaret (France) — PT/TD (now part of Caterpillar)
• Ammann Group (Switzerland) —
• Aveling-Barford (England) — TD/PT/3P
• BOMAG (Germany) — SD/TD/PT (BOMAG/HYPAC in the US market)
• Case CE (US) — SD (brands the Ammann/Sta machines as Case in the US)
• Caterpillar Inc. (US) — SD/TD/PT (has the former lines of RAYGO, BROS and Bitelli)
• Dynapac (Sweden) — SD/TD/PT/3P
• Galion (US) —
• Hamm AG (Germany) — SD/TD/PT/3P (now part of the Wirtgen Group)
• HEPCO (Iran) — SD/TD/PT/3P
• Hitachi (Japan) — SD/TD/PT/3P
• Huber Company, (US) —
• Hyster (US) — SD/TD/PT (part of HYPAC and Bomag USA)
• Ingersoll Rand (US) — SD/TD/PT (now owned by Volvo)
• Kamani Engineering Corporation (India) — tractor-mounted (now part of the RPG Group; production ended c. –)
• LiuGong, HQ at Liuzhou, China —
• Marshall (England) — TD
• Sakai Heavy Industries (Japan) — SD/TD/PT/3P
• Sany (China) — SD/TD/PT
• World Equipment(China) — SD/TD/PT
• Tampo (US) — SD/TD
• Vibromax (Germany) — SD/TD/PT (purchased by JCB, now branded JCB)
• Wacker Neuson (Germany) —

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• SD = Single drum
• TD = Tandem drum
• PT = Pneumatic tyre — Rubber tyre or multi-tyre are also common
• 3P = 3-point rollers — These are very similar to the old steam roller design

See also

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• Tractor
• Roller (agricultural tool) – for farm rollers
• Roller (disambiguation) – for other types of roller
• Landfill compaction vehicle
• Mine roller – a demining device
• JoJo's Bizarre Adventure

References

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